BASIC CHEMICAL LAW
Lavoisier
”The mass of matter before reaction is same the mass matter after reaction”
Example:
If a reaction: A + B –> C + D
Mass before: a b – –
Reaction : x y c d
Mass after : (a-x) (b-y) c d
The mass before reaction is a + b
The mass after reaction is (a-x) + (b-y) + c + d
Then:
The mass of matter before reaction = the mass matter after reaction
a + b = (a-x) + (b-y) + c + d
Proust
“Any compound have an constant comparison”
Example :
- Carbon monoxide C : O = 3 : 4
- Carbon dioxide C : O = 3 : 8
- Calcium oxide Ca : O = 5 : 2
- Hydrogen peroxide H : O = 1 : 16
- Water H : O = 1 : 8
- Sulphur dioxide S : O = 3 : 2
Dalton
“If two unsure to form two or more compound, if the mass of one composer unsure is same then the comparison of other unsure is an simple comparison”
Example:
The compound of Nitrogen and oxygen is : N2O; NO; NO2.
The comparison of N in N2O; NO; NO2 is 2 : 1 : 1
The comparison of O in N2O; NO; NO2 is 1 : 1 : 2
If the comparison of N in N2O; NO; NO2 made to 1 : 1 : 1, then the comparison of O in N2O; NO; NO2 is ½ : 1 : 2
Gay Lussac
“In the same temperature and same pressure, the volume of gases have comparison same the coefficient reaction”
Example:
2H2 + O2 –> 2H2O
The volume comparison of H2 : O2 : H2O is 2 : 1 : 2, likes the coefficient, 2 : 1 : 2
Avogadro
“In the same temperature and same pressure, the sum particles of gases have comparison same the coefficient reaction and the gases volume”
Example:
2H2 + O2 –> 2H2O
The volume comparison of H2 : O2 : H2O is 2 : 1 : 2, likes the coefficient, 2 : 1 : 2, then the comparison of sum particle is 2 : 1 : 2.
Notes: in Gay Lussac and Avogadro’s hypothesis, you must to equivalent the reaction first!!